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{Tutorial}HTML XHTML.Step 23.

MrHotFire

By MrHotFire
in Coding Tutorials/Guides

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MrHotFire

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What Is XHTML?

 

    XHTML stands for EXtensible HyperText Markup Language

    XHTML is almost identical to HTML 4.01

    XHTML is a stricter and cleaner version of HTML 4.01

    XHTML is HTML defined as an XML application

    XHTML is supported by all major browsers.

 

Why XHTML?

 

Many pages on the internet contain "bad" HTML.

 

The following HTML code will work fine if you view it in a browser (even if it does NOT follow the HTML rules):

<html>
<head>
<title>This is bad HTML</title>
<body>
<h1>Bad HTML
<p>This is a paragraph
</body>

 

XML is a markup language where documents must be marked up correctly and "well-formed".

 

The Most Important Differences from HTML

 

Document Structure

    XHTML DOCTYPE is mandatory
    The XML namespace attribute in <html> is mandatory
    <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body> is mandatory

XHTML Elements

    XHTML elements must be properly nested
    XHTML elements must always be closed
    XHTML elements must be in lowercase
    XHTML documents must have one root element

XHTML Attributes

    Attribute names must be in lower case
    Attribute values must be quoted
    Attribute minimization is forbidden

<!DOCTYPE ....> Is Mandatory

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//MrHF//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.mrhf.com/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.mrhotfire.com/2012/xhtml">

<head>
<title>Title of document</title>
</head>

<body>
......
</body>

</html>

 

XHTML Elements Must Be Properly Nested

 

<b><i>This text is [b]bold[/b] and [i]italic[/i]</b></i>





XHTML Elements Must Always Be Closed

This is wrong:




<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is another paragraph







This is correct:






<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<p>This is another paragraph</p>






 



Empty Elements Must Also Be Closed



This is wrong:






A break: <br>
A horizontal rule: <hr>
An image: <img src="happy.gif" alt="Happy face">







This is correct:






A break: <br />
A horizontal rule: <hr />
An image: <img src="happy.gif" alt="Happy face" />







XHTML Elements Must Be In Lower Case



This is wrong:






<BODY>
<P>This is a paragraph</P>
</BODY>







This is correct:






<body>
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
</body>







Attribute Names Must Be In Lower Case



This is wrong:






<table WIDTH="100%">







This is correct:






<table width="100%">







Attribute Minimization Is Forbidden



This is wrong:






<input checked>
<input readonly>
<input disabled>
<option selected>







This is correct:






<input checked="checked">
<input readonly="readonly">
<input disabled="disabled">
<option selected="selected">






 



How to Convert from HTML to XHTML






    Add an XHTML <!DOCTYPE> to the first line of every page
    Add an xmlns attribute to the html element of every page
    Change all element names to lowercase
    Close all empty elements
    Change all attribute names to lowercase
    Quote all attribute values







 



Credits Olympus,Internet,ME.



			
		


		
			

				
					
						

	
	
		

			
				
				

					
				

			
			
			
		

	


					
				
				
			

		

		
			

		
	


	

	





	
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